Thank you to everyone who listened this year, we're immensely proud of what we've created and couldn't have done it without all you lovely listeners!

Happy Christmas!

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For more on:

Matthew and Nathaniel’s Nature article: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-01313-5

Matthew and Nathaniel’s Twitter thread: https://twitter.com/matthewcobb/status/1650877644529975296

Twitter thread showing the Royal Society programme: https://twitter.com/ThatsSciencePod/status/1667178396093231104?s=20

Progress in Science (a historical overview of different theories by Feller and Stern: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26378/

The nature of discovery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213439/

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This week's episode of 'Is that Science?' Phoebe joins me and Amelia to talk about her work as a sex educator and illustrator. Our conversation ranges from all things gender and sexuality to science communication and the arts. We hope you enjoy this conversation as much as we loved having it :))

Phoebe's Instagrams:

Art page: https://instagram.com/everybodys_invited?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

Personal: https://instagram.com/phoebeebies?igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==

For more on:

The Vagina Museum: https://www.standard.co.uk/culture/exhibitions/the-vagina-museum-london-camden-twitter-public-support-new-venue-b948844.html

https://twitter.com/vagina_museum?lang=en

Frances Glesner Lee's Crime Scenes: https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/nutshells

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For more information on:

The definitions of Uncertainty and Error: https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Uncertainty-Error-and-Confidence/157

Uncertainty in Science Communication: https://www.forbes.com/sites/chadorzel/2015/10/08/the-certainty-of-uncertainty-scientists-know-exactly-how-well-we-dont-know-things/

Communicating statistics during the Pandemic: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389921001537

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For more on:

Pint of Science Events: https://pintofscience.co.uk/events/manchester

The language of climate change: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000d719 and https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001gk5h

Individualization of responsibility: https://medium.com/@mitpress/individualization-plant-a-tree-buy-a-bike-save-the-world-ecb916df95e4 

Vlad's paper on climate change as market transition:  https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03085147.2013.791511?tab=permissions&scroll=top

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Heidi’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/heidirgardner?s=20

Heidi’s Blog: https://heidirgardner.wordpress.com/

Other people Heidi mentioned:

Heather Morgan (@hm_morgan on twitter)

Addy Adelaine (@AddyAdelaine on twitter)

Lynn Laidlaw (@lynn_laidlaw on twitter)

For more on

The Disabled Experience: Disability Visibility, edited by Alice Wong (2020)

Photovoice: https://participedia.net/method/5016 or https://feelingathome.org.uk/blog/what-is-photovoice/ or https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687599.2012.717881

Inclusivity frameworks in Clinical Trials: https://www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/improving-inclusion-of-under-served-groups-in-clinical-research-guidance-from-include-project/25435

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In this episode, Paul Knowles joins Susan to have a chat about ecocriticism. With a lot of discussion about the climate crisis characterized by catastrophe, it is very easy to be overwhelmed by the discourse. However, in the field of ecocriticism, one has a different way to articulate the human relationship to the natural and more human world in a way that can build empathy and promote discussion in a way that hard statistics sometimes can't. Of course, it's a massive area of research and literature, but I had a great discussion with Paul and he's so knowledgeable about this work, and our discussion prompted a lot of post-interview followup web-searching on my part!

For more information on:

The Southern council in trouble for tree felling in Plymouth: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-65074972

A great discussion from BBC Radio 4 about preserving ancient woodlands: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001l940

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In this episode of What’s Science, Amelia discusses chronic pain, clinical trials and super placebo effects with Marcia Schofield, a pain specialist doctor and mum to your favorite podcast co-host, Susan. Marcia has been principal investigator on clinical trials, and especially in co-production of clinical trials with patients.  

For more information on: 

Clinical Trial Phases: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/find-a-clinical-trial/what-clinical-trials-are/phases-of-clinical-trials 

Co-production of clinical trials: https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n434 

Sativex: https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/treatments-and-therapies/cannabis/sativex 

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For more information on:

The different scientist tropes in media: https://filmschoolrejects.com/a-scientist-walks-into-a-movie-48b98b9e1af2/

Afrofuturism: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/dec/07/afrofuturism-black-identity-future-science-technology

https://afritechnews.com/afrofuturism/

Lovecraftian Horror in film: https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-lovecraftian-horror-films

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Back after spring break, in this episode of What's Science, Amelia discusses Animal Testing with Meg and Amy. Covering why animals are used in experiments, the regulations in place and the alternatives on their way, the trio try to balance the emotive issues of animal cruelty with the scientific and medical reasons animals are used. It's a more serious episode than previous ones, but hopefully gives a good overview of this complex issue.

Before the recording we read:

Speaking of Research: Animal Research Regulations in the UK (https://speakingofresearch.com/facts/animal-research-regulations-in-the-uk/)

National Association of Biomedical Research: The importance of Animal Research (https://www.nabr.org/biomedical-research/importance-biomedical-research)

PETA: Answers to Common Arguments for Animal Testing (https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animal-testing-bad-science/)

Live Science: Alternatives to Animal Testing (https://www.livescience.com/65401-animal-testing-alternatives.html)

For more information on:

Pre-clinical and clinical trials: https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/feature/drug-development-the-journey-of-a-medicine-from-lab-to-shelf

Thalidomide: https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/thalidomide or http://isciencemag.co.uk/features/how-optical-isomers-uncovered-the-horrors-of-thalidomide/

Twisted Doodles and her Grapefruit Cartoon: https://twitter.com/twisteddoodles/status/1620742934135201792?s=20

Chagas Disease: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)

T. cruzi study: Costa FC, Francisco AF, Jayawardhana S, Calderano SG, Lewis MD, Olmo F, Beneke T, Gluenz E, Sunter J, Dean S, Kelly JM, Taylor MC. Expanding the toolbox for Trypanosoma cruzi: A parasite line incorporating a bioluminescence-fluorescence dual reporter and streamlined CRISPR/Cas9 functionality for rapid in vivo localisation and phenotyping. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Apr 2;12(4):e0006388. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006388. PMID: 29608569; PMCID: PMC5897030.

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Before the recording, we read:

Religion and Science (Whitehead, 1925): https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1925/08/religion-and-science/304220/

Framing Science (Nisbet and Mooney, 2007): https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1142030

For more on:

Islamic Scholars, and non-western history of science in general: Horizons by James Poskett (2022)

Ibn al-Haytham: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/how-an-ancient-muslim-scientist-cast-his-light-into-the-21st-century

Al-Biruni’s globe experiment: https://owlcation.com/stem/How-to-Determin-the-Radius-of-the-Earth-Al-Birunis-Classic-Experiment

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In this episode of 'Is That Science?' Susan and her guest Dr. Richard O'Flynn (her dad!) talk about the Father of psychoanalysis himself- Sigmund Freud. A pioneer in the field of psychiatry, Freud has transcended the history of medicine and permeates popular discourse. However, the popular imagination of Freud has tended to reduce his prolific career to a few fringe concepts. In this episode, they look behind the mammoth myth of Freud and talk about the development of psychoanalysis as a scientific practice and in the modern cultural imagination.

Also, advanced apologies for the audio quality on my end!

Works mentioned:

Freud's Work:

• Analysis: Terminable and Interminable (1937) https://ia902907.us.archive.org/17/items/SigmundFreud/Sigmund%20Freud%20%5B1937%5D%20Analysis%20Terminable%20and%20Interminable%20%28James%20Strachey%20translation%2C%201961%29.pdf
• Case of Anna O, the birth of the talking cure https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Freud_and_Breuer_SE_Anna_O_complete.pdf
• On 'The Wolf Man' https://www.freud.org.uk/education/resources/the-wolf-mans-dream/
• Introductory lectures in psychoanalysis: https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Introductory_Lectures_on_Psychoanalysis.html?id=Sfz0l6WSqFgC&redir_esc=y
• Totem and Taboo https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/41214

On Freud

• Freud Autobiography, Ernest Jones- https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Life_and_Work_of_Sigmund_Freud.html?id=9UKoDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
• WH Auden poem: https://poets.org/poem/memory-sigmund-freud

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Before this episode, we read these articles to prepare:

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/scientific-experiments/scientific-method.htm

https://explorable.com/history-of-the-scientific-method)

https://aggietranscript.ucdavis.edu/the-roots-of-chemistry-how-the-ancient-tradition-of-alchemy-influenced-modern-scientific-thought/

For more information on:

How being able to 'break the rules' can make better scientists: The Republic of Science by Michael Polanyi (1962) https://www-jstor-org.manchester.idm.oclc.org/stable/41821550 (Freya warns this article is very useful, but also is quite obviously dated and includes some problematic analogies...)

On whether we should publish when things go wrong: (https://www.openpharma.blog/blog/guest-posts/the-changing-open-research-landscape-a-publishers-perspective/)

Alchemy and the elements: The Periodic Tales by Hugh Aldersey Williams (2011)

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In this episode of 'Is That Science', Susan talks with Richelle Munkhoff, co-founder of The Plain Sight Archive a non-profit organization developing an online tool and resources dedicated to a more inclusive understanding of the history of arts and culture. In this interview, Richelle discusses one area of her research conducted during her academic career, a specific role for women in the early modern period.

Women have always participated in science and held important roles in medicine. However, the inherently male-dominated tradition of these practices has a tendency to both forget and erase the pivotal part they have played in scientific development. Richelle’s work is so important because it reminds us of both the forgotten legacy of women in the foundations of science and their importance as leaders within the community. Of course, this interview will be slightly on the more history and humanities side, but I couldn't resist discussing this fascinating piece of work! We talked about the purpose of this role, how it evolved, how Richelle conducted her research and what we can learn from the Searchers.

To follow Richelle's current work follow @plain_sight_archive

Readings referenced in our discussion:

For Richelle's article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24423855

For the article I referenced in the show: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpcu.13070

Books referenced:

Boccaccio, Decameron (1353)

Thomas Dekker's "plague pamphlets" can be found in:The Plague Pamphlets of Thomas Dekker, ed. F. P. Wilson (1925) especially of interest are: "The Wonderfull Yeare: 1603" (1603) and "A Rod for Run-awayes, God's Tokens" (1625)

Daniel Defoe, Journal of the Plague Year (1722)

Elizabeth Griffith, "The Story of Miss Williams" -- appears in:Novellettes (1780) [pages 203-220]

Further reading:

For more on Richelle's research: https://heatherquinlan.medium.com/ever-heard-of-the-searchers-they-killed-romeo-and-juliet-confused-read-on-dc399a46ab42

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Before the episode we read these four articles to prepare:

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/doing-good-science/the-ideal-of-objectivity/

https://kinesismagazine.com/2020/06/18/science-isnt-objective-but-thats-okay/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8051197/

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00669-2

For more information on:

Meckel’s theory that humans have a fish stage during embryogenesis and Sommerfeld’s atomic structure theories: https://www.dur.ac.uk/news/allnews/thoughtleadership/?itemno=35051#:~:text=As%20it%20happens%2C%20early%20human,our%20development%20towards%20biological%20perfection.

The Flat Earth experiment is documented in the Netflix documentary ‘Behind the Curve’

The debunking of head sizes as a sign of intelligence: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/alice-lee-statistician-debunked-sexist-myths-skull-size-intelligence-180971241/

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Special thanks to Harriet for directing me to specific books and Amelia for the 3 hours she devoted to helping me edit!

Further reading:

For Adam Rodman's Podcast 'Bedside Rounds': http://bedside-rounds.org/

For a link to Dr Pickstone's book 'Ways of Knowing': https://www.amazon.co.uk/Ways-Knowing-History-Technology-Medicine/dp/0719059941

For a link to the Dr N.D Jewson article: 10.1093/ije/dyp180

For more on the History of Medicine in general: https://wellcome.org/

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Further Reading:

For more on the fake inventor of the toaster: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/the-reporters-63622746

For more about the history of journal articles, try exploring: https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophicaltransactions/

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