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		<title>Throughline</title>
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		<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		<description><![CDATA[The past is never past. Every headline has a history. Join us every week as we go back in time to understand the present. These are stories you can feel and sounds you can see from the moments that shaped our world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
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				<title>Throughline</title>
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			<title>American Police</title>
			<itunes:title>American Police</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2020 04:08:47 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>1:04:29</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle>The origins of American policing and how those origins put violent control of Black Americans at the heart of the system.</itunes:subtitle>
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			<description><![CDATA[Black Americans being victimized and killed by the police is an epidemic. A truth many Americans are acknowledging since the murder of George Floyd, as protests have occurred in all fifty states calling for justice on his behalf. But this tension between African American communities and the police has existed for centuries. This week, the origins of American policing and how those origins put violent control of Black Americans at the heart of the system.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Black Americans being victimized and killed by the police is an epidemic. A truth many Americans are acknowledging since the murder of George Floyd, as protests have occurred in all fifty states calling for justice on his behalf. But this tension between African American communities and the police has existed for centuries. This week, the origins of American policing and how those origins put violent control of Black Americans at the heart of the system.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>Hong Kong</title>
			<itunes:title>Hong Kong</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2020 04:01:52 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>45:38</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how Hong Kong became one of the most important, and most contested, cities in the world.</itunes:subtitle>
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			<description><![CDATA[Last week, the Chinese government made the latest and perhaps the most serious move yet to crack down on Hong Kong's semi-autonomy. It's just the latest such effort by Beijing in the decades-long tensions between China and Hong Kong and it seems to take advantage of the quarantine calm that has subdued months of protests. But when did these tensions begin and what have Hong Kongers been fighting for?<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Last week, the Chinese government made the latest and perhaps the most serious move yet to crack down on Hong Kong's semi-autonomy. It's just the latest such effort by Beijing in the decades-long tensions between China and Hong Kong and it seems to take advantage of the quarantine calm that has subdued months of protests. But when did these tensions begin and what have Hong Kongers been fighting for?<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>Conspiracy</title>
			<itunes:title>Conspiracy</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 May 2020 04:01:11 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>42:40</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle>How conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and became the currency of political opportunists.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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			<description><![CDATA[Since the beginning of the pandemic, conspiracy theories about the coronavirus have exploded. But conspiracy theories themselves are nothing new - in fact, they're  fundamental to American life. In this episode, how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Since the beginning of the pandemic, conspiracy theories about the coronavirus have exploded. But conspiracy theories themselves are nothing new - in fact, they're  fundamental to American life. In this episode, how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>The Mask</title>
			<itunes:title>The Mask</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2020 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>41:17</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle>From bird beaks to wrapping paper to bras, we follow the curious history of one of the most important defenses in our fight against COVID-19.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e40d1f3bb14a933a4c7b6c90a3e6fd60.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The N95 respirator has become one of the most coveted items in the world, especially by  medical professionals. But how did this seemingly simple mask become the lifesaving tool it is today? From bird beaks to wrapping paper to bras, we follow the curious history of one of the most important defenses in our fight against COVID-19.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The N95 respirator has become one of the most coveted items in the world, especially by  medical professionals. But how did this seemingly simple mask become the lifesaving tool it is today? From bird beaks to wrapping paper to bras, we follow the curious history of one of the most important defenses in our fight against COVID-19.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>Endless War</title>
			<itunes:title>Endless War</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2020 04:01:30 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>36:03</itunes:duration>
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			<description><![CDATA[North Korea's famous for being a black box, one of the most secretive and authoritarian countries in the world. It has a nuclear stockpile. A history of erratic behavior. And a particular fixation on antagonizing the outside world — especially the United States. This cycle of antagonism isn't an accident – the U.S. has played a formative role in the history of North Korea. And North Korea's leaders have been invoking that history from the very beginning.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[North Korea's famous for being a black box, one of the most secretive and authoritarian countries in the world. It has a nuclear stockpile. A history of erratic behavior. And a particular fixation on antagonizing the outside world — especially the United States. This cycle of antagonism isn't an accident – the U.S. has played a formative role in the history of North Korea. And North Korea's leaders have been invoking that history from the very beginning.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>Meltdown</title>
			<itunes:title>Meltdown</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2020 04:01:27 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>54:47</itunes:duration>
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			<description><![CDATA[In the early hours of March 28, 1979, a system malfunction began what would become the worst nuclear accident in American history. What ensued punctured the public's belief in the safety of nuclear energy and became an awful study in the consequences of communication breakdown during a crisis. This week, the fallout of who and what to trust when a catastrophic event occurs.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the early hours of March 28, 1979, a system malfunction began what would become the worst nuclear accident in American history. What ensued punctured the public's belief in the safety of nuclear energy and became an awful study in the consequences of communication breakdown during a crisis. This week, the fallout of who and what to trust when a catastrophic event occurs.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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			<title>Aftermath</title>
			<itunes:title>Aftermath</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2020 06:27:29 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>55:43</itunes:duration>
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			<description><![CDATA[In 1927, the most destructive river flood in U.S. history inundated seven states, displaced more than half a million people for months, and caused about $1 billion dollars in property damages. And like many national emergencies it exposed a stark question that the country still struggles to answer - what is the political calculus used to decide who bears the ultimate responsibility in a crisis, especially when it comes to the most vulnerable? This week, the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and what came after.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 1927, the most destructive river flood in U.S. history inundated seven states, displaced more than half a million people for months, and caused about $1 billion dollars in property damages. And like many national emergencies it exposed a stark question that the country still struggles to answer - what is the political calculus used to decide who bears the ultimate responsibility in a crisis, especially when it comes to the most vulnerable? This week, the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and what came after.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Buzzkill</title>
			<itunes:title>Buzzkill</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2020 04:25:53 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>35:13</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week, three stories of the quiet legacy and the potential future of the mosquito.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/bb042ad3b1e33405cffa6a35102d65d1.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[In the whole of human history, no predator has killed more of us than the lowly mosquito. And this killing spree, which we still struggle in vain to stop, means the mosquito has been an outsized force in our history — from altering the fate of empires to changing our DNA. This week, three stories of the quiet legacy and the potential future of the mosquito.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the whole of human history, no predator has killed more of us than the lowly mosquito. And this killing spree, which we still struggle in vain to stop, means the mosquito has been an outsized force in our history — from altering the fate of empires to changing our DNA. This week, three stories of the quiet legacy and the potential future of the mosquito.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Throughline Presents: Code Switch</title>
			<itunes:title>Throughline Presents: Code Switch</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2020 04:02:52 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>32:09</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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			<description><![CDATA[The Principal Chief of Cherokee Nation told his people to stay strong during this pandemic, and to remember how much they've endured over a long history that includes the Trail of Tears. This week, we share an episode from <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/">Code Switch</a> that takes a look at an almost 200-year-old Cherokee family feud, the right to representation and what both things have to do with the Trail of Tears.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Principal Chief of Cherokee Nation told his people to stay strong during this pandemic, and to remember how much they've endured over a long history that includes the Trail of Tears. This week, we share an episode from <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/">Code Switch</a> that takes a look at an almost 200-year-old Cherokee family feud, the right to representation and what both things have to do with the Trail of Tears.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>A Race To Know</title>
			<itunes:title>A Race To Know</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2020 04:01:35 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>41:59</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how race has played a central role in who is counted-in America.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/7d1d16a24a56fcf46125213612b8820b.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[For nearly as long as there has been a United States there has been a census, it is in some ways how we know ourselves. And in every single census there has been at least one question about race. The evolution of these questions and the fight over asking them is at the heart of the American story. This week, how race has played a central role in who is counted-in America.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[For nearly as long as there has been a United States there has been a census, it is in some ways how we know ourselves. And in every single census there has been at least one question about race. The evolution of these questions and the fight over asking them is at the heart of the American story. This week, how race has played a central role in who is counted-in America.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>1918 Flu</title>
			<itunes:title>1918 Flu</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2020 04:17:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>38:33</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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			<description><![CDATA[In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic it's tempting to draw comparisons to the most severe pandemic in recent history - the 1918 flu. But as much as we can learn from the comparison, it's important to also understand just how much these two pandemics differ. This week, what we can learn from what happened then and, just as importantly, where the comparison should end.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic it's tempting to draw comparisons to the most severe pandemic in recent history - the 1918 flu. But as much as we can learn from the comparison, it's important to also understand just how much these two pandemics differ. This week, what we can learn from what happened then and, just as importantly, where the comparison should end.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>American Socialist</title>
			<itunes:title>American Socialist</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2020 05:12:35 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>1:03:50</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week, the story of Eugene V. Debs and the creation of American socialism.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/a05b9416f0a27029eb26ad61281af8fa.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[It's been over a century since a self-described socialist was a viable candidate for President of the United States. And that first socialist candidate, Eugene V. Debs, didn't just capture significant votes, he created a new and enduring populist politics deep in the American grain. This week, the story of Eugene V. Debs and the creation of American socialism.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[It's been over a century since a self-described socialist was a viable candidate for President of the United States. And that first socialist candidate, Eugene V. Debs, didn't just capture significant votes, he created a new and enduring populist politics deep in the American grain. This week, the story of Eugene V. Debs and the creation of American socialism.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Savarkar And India</title>
			<itunes:title>Savarkar And India</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2020 04:01:24 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>32:43</itunes:duration>
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			<description><![CDATA[In the past few weeks Delhi has become the latest place in India convulsed with religious violence as Hindu mobs burned Muslim neighborhoods, mosques and killed over 40 people. The violence comes in the wake of a new citizenship law that excludes undocumented Muslims, but it also follows years of incendiary rhetoric and policies from the ascendant right-wing Hindu nationalist party, the BJP, and India's Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. As the political philosophy of Hindu nationalism gains ground in India we look back at one of its architects - Vinayak Savarkar.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the past few weeks Delhi has become the latest place in India convulsed with religious violence as Hindu mobs burned Muslim neighborhoods, mosques and killed over 40 people. The violence comes in the wake of a new citizenship law that excludes undocumented Muslims, but it also follows years of incendiary rhetoric and policies from the ascendant right-wing Hindu nationalist party, the BJP, and India's Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. As the political philosophy of Hindu nationalism gains ground in India we look back at one of its architects - Vinayak Savarkar.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Public Universal Friend</title>
			<itunes:title>Public Universal Friend</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2020 05:07:40 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>48:32</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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			<description><![CDATA[America in the run-up to the Revolutionary War wasn't just a period of dramatic political change, it was also a time of great religious and social instability, anxiety and experimentation. And in the midst of it all there arose a self-proclaimed genderless prophet — the Public Universal Friend. This week, how the Public Universal Friend rocked society's norms and paved the way for others to reject religious and gender expectations for centuries to come.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[America in the run-up to the Revolutionary War wasn't just a period of dramatic political change, it was also a time of great religious and social instability, anxiety and experimentation. And in the midst of it all there arose a self-proclaimed genderless prophet — the Public Universal Friend. This week, how the Public Universal Friend rocked society's norms and paved the way for others to reject religious and gender expectations for centuries to come.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Invisible Border</title>
			<itunes:title>The Invisible Border</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 27 Feb 2020 05:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>33:02</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/856746470220b5e1399d556497e58fb1.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Today, the border that divides Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is "soft", in most places you could almost forget that it's there. But for decades it was a deadly flash point in the bitter conflict known as "The Troubles" . This week, we share an episode from <a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained">Today, Explained</a> that takes a look at the history of this conflict and how Brexit could jeopardize a fragile peace.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Today, the border that divides Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is "soft", in most places you could almost forget that it's there. But for decades it was a deadly flash point in the bitter conflict known as "The Troubles" . This week, we share an episode from <a href="https://www.vox.com/today-explained">Today, Explained</a> that takes a look at the history of this conflict and how Brexit could jeopardize a fragile peace.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Stars</title>
			<itunes:title>The Stars</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2020 05:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>58:38</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/2911f539-c0b6-4dd6-98ed-e0f3629507a1/media.mp3" length="56170276" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb06</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb06</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxyE3UU9LdQDKKrG4waXXItMTHkMKGx5JuCwWYb8772vV+YGiqS5Z47Dzu4iFGNugaahYqt1lburIUVh53cmUHBw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>The story of how finding our fates in the stars moved from the fringes to the mainstream and became a multi-billion dollar industry.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/d1ae35212fc1b9dcd52967decf5f9e06.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Astrology has existed for thousands of years and has roots that span the globe. But is it a science or a religion or just a kind of personality test? And why is it more popular than ever? This week, the story of how finding our fates in the stars moved from the fringes to the mainstream and became a multi-billion dollar industry.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Astrology has existed for thousands of years and has roots that span the globe. But is it a science or a religion or just a kind of personality test? And why is it more popular than ever? This week, the story of how finding our fates in the stars moved from the fringes to the mainstream and became a multi-billion dollar industry.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Becoming America</title>
			<itunes:title>Becoming America</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 13 Feb 2020 05:01:41 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>33:08</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/14d523be-78b3-46d9-8e9e-2649635eca02/media.mp3" length="31748254" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb07</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb07</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx8SSM4lQNujk8p7SQW34dzePMLu8GQYokhlNfRE5J/fuXb69jx6Lss+uNeVmWI5SW+NeTEqqrAMxyxRUwkbrydQ==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/7b6c796c40de85b3c37479e2fe7fbb72.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When the United States of America was founded, it was only a union of a small number of states. By the beginning of the 20th century, the United States had become an empire; with states and territories and colonies that spanned the globe. As a result, the country began to not only reconsider its place in the world, but also its very name.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When the United States of America was founded, it was only a union of a small number of states. By the beginning of the 20th century, the United States had become an empire; with states and territories and colonies that spanned the globe. As a result, the country began to not only reconsider its place in the world, but also its very name.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>She Got Next</title>
			<itunes:title>She Got Next</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 06 Feb 2020 07:14:51 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>1:01:26</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/7fa69416-0f25-423f-b16a-84681bcf8215/media.mp3" length="58846165" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb08</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb08</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxEoqkARbCUBAL714UI0HYy0JhuwJkq1I9t3nmYRcVC9WwzDLceCfbOZOvBjiaDj3ePgesjK/nMR85sF5WLlPzNg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>How three women ran and challenged the notion of who could and should be president of the United States.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/264a451e5f6ac0156a4b968a589a4a8d.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[There are more female candidates in this presidential campaign cycle than at any other time in American history. But women were running for the highest office before they could even vote. How three women ran and challenged the notion of who could and should be president of the United States.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[There are more female candidates in this presidential campaign cycle than at any other time in American history. But women were running for the highest office before they could even vote. How three women ran and challenged the notion of who could and should be president of the United States.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Vaccination</title>
			<itunes:title>Vaccination</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jan 2020 05:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>23:34</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/cdfa56df-6ed0-4a60-86bc-e0e6223e3369/media.mp3" length="22585096" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb09</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb09</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxkG+Rt4aDSLfPzsFn/7GKB41fL8emflgSgB3Qz5bSyqfdB3WrxvD5PHJ/kIs33JM0mN5Iab5WLI5XKovG65V45A==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>In this episode, we look back at a 1905 Supreme Court case that set a precedent for whether or not the state can enforce compulsory vaccinations.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/9bbc2e4792936b201c6b7d0ae88c7442.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[It's a longstanding fight in the U.S., whether people can opt out of vaccination if that means jeopardizing the greater public's health. In this episode, we look back at a 1905 Supreme Court case that set a precedent for whether or not the state can enforce compulsory vaccinations.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[It's a longstanding fight in the U.S., whether people can opt out of vaccination if that means jeopardizing the greater public's health. In this episode, we look back at a 1905 Supreme Court case that set a precedent for whether or not the state can enforce compulsory vaccinations.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Soleimani's Iran]]></title>
			<itunes:title><![CDATA[Soleimani's Iran]]></itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jan 2020 05:20:41 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>47:50</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/0ef6fc76-e444-425c-bb04-b6c12e6681f8/media.mp3" length="45816583" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0a</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0a</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx9m12E7nZunrVtfesbRCvec1pKiiefaYOeRqPsT7lDIHbgYOTkngES6KKeLGFhZP+QWW+pjThPRWbcGRXQnqy8w==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>In this episode, the origins of the shadow commander and what he means to Iran.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/d4126d28b544ab97c25143e1c4f23bc8.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Qassem Soleimani was assassinated by the United States on January 3rd, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard commander suddenly became a household name. But in Iran, he's been a potent symbol for decades, shaping conflicts in the region and with the U.S. In this episode, the origins of the shadow commander and the complicated legacy of what he means to Iran.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Qassem Soleimani was assassinated by the United States on January 3rd, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard commander suddenly became a household name. But in Iran, he's been a potent symbol for decades, shaping conflicts in the region and with the U.S. In this episode, the origins of the shadow commander and the complicated legacy of what he means to Iran.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Everybody Knows Somebody</title>
			<itunes:title>Everybody Knows Somebody</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2020 05:01:04 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>59:21</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/a0a0da6c-2488-4941-9010-0845767cf66f/media.mp3" length="56852488" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0b</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0b</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxQhtopSNLCVV9G4iVvt4q/fKoPxUdxYIJkWfomNYhRVbRloBk15AyyFw33eEblpBqrLPaAZcJa/aYWhZbIUN/Mg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In the mid-1980's a woman who didn't consider herself a feminist was asked to solve perhaps the biggest problem women face.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/17f19b35934101dd3d033018602b6c85.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[In the mid-1980's a woman who didn't consider herself a feminist was asked to solve perhaps the biggest problem women face. How she and a small group of people seized on that rare moment and fought back in the hopes that something could finally be done.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In the mid-1980's a woman who didn't consider herself a feminist was asked to solve perhaps the biggest problem women face. How she and a small group of people seized on that rare moment and fought back in the hopes that something could finally be done.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>There Will Be Bananas</title>
			<itunes:title>There Will Be Bananas</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 Jan 2020 05:01:27 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>56:52</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/eceb38a4-87a5-413e-aeee-9eb841838a93/media.mp3" length="54473503" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0c</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0c</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxV6kY/GLZ/IzNtyJPRMvTLRuzHIbQXK9fHeUSxAIcXF57q3eNe9pqVal5N1RqE9PFcUDb1pPPQbYnasWCwff0AA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>How one Brooklyn-born entrepreneur ruthlessly created the modern banana industry and the infamous banana republics.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/50c1f0717d4bc71d5d41269e45bab56a.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The banana is a staple of the American diet and has been for generations. But how did this exotic tropical fruit become so commonplace? How one Brooklyn-born entrepreneur ruthlessly created the modern banana industry and the infamous banana republics.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The banana is a staple of the American diet and has been for generations. But how did this exotic tropical fruit become so commonplace? How one Brooklyn-born entrepreneur ruthlessly created the modern banana industry and the infamous banana republics.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Fear of Technology</title>
			<itunes:title>Fear of Technology</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 02 Jan 2020 05:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>36:59</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/2b905ef5-db86-43a9-b6c1-063a90b4c596/media.mp3" length="35428696" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0d</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0d</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxMvcr5Ts1Lr20WHY2NhH7oln0UOuZo46LtB1IVgN9VzO7D7VRTDA8xsflLQmj3sddFrZ45w/+SBA53e4ZmpGSjg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>From the tractor to talking robots, society has feared innovations. But usefulness usually overcomes resistance. Is today any different from the past?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/b71f4686b38d0ef3878d439316d2dc40.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence, gene modification, and self-driving cars are causing fear and uncertainty about how technology is changing our lives. But humans have struggled to accept innovations throughout history. In this episode, we explore three innovations that transformed the world and show how people have adapted — and ask whether we can do the same today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence, gene modification, and self-driving cars are causing fear and uncertainty about how technology is changing our lives. But humans have struggled to accept innovations throughout history. In this episode, we explore three innovations that transformed the world and show how people have adapted — and ask whether we can do the same today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Russia's Vladamir Putin]]></title>
			<itunes:title><![CDATA[Russia's Vladamir Putin]]></itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Dec 2019 05:01:35 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>36:38</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/11e4d979-fcc0-41a5-85a5-79773b9f055a/media.mp3" length="35089675" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0e</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0e</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx8DEFIVPQL/rSn1WrSyZ6rFM0/BRM5/aQ1wbFHdMfQmjoLrAGv8QwowfhHvVqRR93pxFro+/W38kJsN3vrdYk2g==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/bd2f09b554115687d3be8ff290552ae8.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Vladimir Putin has been running Russia since 2000 when he was first elected as President. How did a former KGB officer make his way up to the top seat — was it political prowess or was he just the recipient of a lot of good fortune? In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Vladimir Putin has been running Russia since 2000 when he was first elected as President. How did a former KGB officer make his way up to the top seat — was it political prowess or was he just the recipient of a lot of good fortune? In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Planned Obsolescence</title>
			<itunes:title>Planned Obsolescence</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 19 Dec 2019 05:01:59 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:55</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0f</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb0f</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx+X5ecvWtxrufQ1um3+T9B7ZeMijdFCDDuvYqCaBz++HNzgQpb7/eV9lYO/CTaKzBzmeCWI6IN1C3P/0ccFnYEg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>In a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/558fd237a0d64749e89cf1c5a9de98b3.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Have you ever wondered why your smartphone or toaster oven doesn't seem to last very long, even though technology is becoming better and better? In a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Have you ever wondered why your smartphone or toaster oven doesn't seem to last very long, even though technology is becoming better and better? In a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[America's Opioid Epidemic]]></title>
			<itunes:title><![CDATA[America's Opioid Epidemic]]></itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 12 Dec 2019 05:01:43 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>46:12</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb10</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb10</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxI8WOR/vq4yrKMr579I9u7F44i6xHlNF4FW1UPxkc39UNk0YQ0I5XKduWS+1PHrM9e7FgVRDnPCdetDQ5LQ+QUQ==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Three stories of opioids that have plagued Americans for more than 150 years.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/d5f80f7cfe6055f9bd09c6e52476bd65.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[A record number of Americans have died from opioid overdoses in recent years. But how did we get here? And is this the first time Americans have faced this crisis? The short answer: no. Three stories of opioids that have plagued Americans for more than 150 years.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[A record number of Americans have died from opioid overdoses in recent years. But how did we get here? And is this the first time Americans have faced this crisis? The short answer: no. Three stories of opioids that have plagued Americans for more than 150 years.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Electrical Grid</title>
			<itunes:title>The Electrical Grid</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 05 Dec 2019 05:15:51 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>43:27</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/f67d6513-687f-4a2e-b931-15eab62ad0cb/media.mp3" length="41618644" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb11</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb11</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx6TFS0PhoMsWLhJHZOYb0EEzItHtAgR8LFIdK3yf+WuWfPG8Oi4bN3bF1cvnIVuAAO7sC2O6VC6fMHPgmIoiK7Q==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>The battle that electrified our world and the extreme measures that were taken to get there.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/ef227c07d0ce11ac8970f9257761e80c.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Today, electricity in the U.S. is a utility we notice only when it's suddenly unavailable. But over a hundred years ago, electricity in the homes of every American was a wild idea and the subject of a bitter fight over who would power, and profit from, the national grid. This week, the battle that electrified our world and the extreme measures that were taken to get there.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Today, electricity in the U.S. is a utility we notice only when it's suddenly unavailable. But over a hundred years ago, electricity in the homes of every American was a wild idea and the subject of a bitter fight over who would power, and profit from, the national grid. This week, the battle that electrified our world and the extreme measures that were taken to get there.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Conspiracy Theories</title>
			<itunes:title>Conspiracy Theories</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 Nov 2019 05:01:39 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>43:48</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/390aec75-1681-4f0d-a8ba-5abf162f1970/media.mp3" length="41955580" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb12</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb12</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxZRPewBivT6sTeH89aZ0tYGbS2G3wflKQkIIoBi+Qy5wV5/bNUcr9/FlrujE4zWSFuKNfm9mlr1upy8yviNobFA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/c6b8d49071d5105b7513e3d6648cd6e8.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[This week we're revisiting one of our favorite episodes about one of our favorite topics: Conspiracy theories. They're a feature of today's news and politics. But they've really been a part of American life since its founding. In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[This week we're revisiting one of our favorite episodes about one of our favorite topics: Conspiracy theories. They're a feature of today's news and politics. But they've really been a part of American life since its founding. In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>A Year Of Wonders</title>
			<itunes:title>A Year Of Wonders</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 Nov 2019 05:01:44 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>41:06</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/4902b98a-b9fb-46b2-8115-8d79e2d569bb/media.mp3" length="39370597" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb13</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb13</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxgidDkUZNdDMuOc/diQmTWv0TvyOXfdudzbw8drJ3Voq3W3df8UwAOeeDk4mw59dkgFbTHQz8g9fiPPC/6KIxRA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Laki awed, terrified and disrupted millions around the world and changed the course of history.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/43284e4cd2008ca72d972d13ed193c8d.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[As extreme weather wreaks havoc around the globe we look at a natural disaster more than 200 hundred years ago that had far-reaching effects. This week, how the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Laki awed, terrified and disrupted millions around the world and changed the course of history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[As extreme weather wreaks havoc around the globe we look at a natural disaster more than 200 hundred years ago that had far-reaching effects. This week, how the eruption of the Icelandic volcano Laki awed, terrified and disrupted millions around the world and changed the course of history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Siege of Mecca</title>
			<itunes:title>The Siege of Mecca</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 14 Nov 2019 06:04:36 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>44:21</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb14</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb14</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxFkFIkxE6eVCCbBghf8ygfj9tyQoSrHwDJB4t0rDmqU8jra+tVCqCX4YRwdGJFouYkVmKeQIA1qfpUgO+xl/dfg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how one man led an uprising that would have repercussions around the world and inspire the future of Islamic extremism.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/68d804052208337b80b725a00fd51e2b.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[On November 20th, 1979, a group of Islamic militants seized Islam's holiest site — the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. They took thousands of hostages and held the holy site for two weeks, shocking the Islamic world. This week, how one man led an uprising that would have repercussions around the world and inspire the future of Islamic extremism.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[On November 20th, 1979, a group of Islamic militants seized Islam's holiest site — the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. They took thousands of hostages and held the holy site for two weeks, shocking the Islamic world. This week, how one man led an uprising that would have repercussions around the world and inspire the future of Islamic extremism.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Throughline Presents: Short Wave</title>
			<itunes:title>Throughline Presents: Short Wave</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Sat, 09 Nov 2019 20:09:09 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>25:05</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb15</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb15</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel shares the story of Nazi Germany's attempt to build a nuclear reactor — and how evidence of that effort was almost lost to history.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/show-cover.png"/>
			<description><![CDATA[NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel shares the story of Nazi Germany's attempt to build a nuclear reactor — and how evidence of that effort was almost lost to history. It's a tale he heard from Timothy Koeth and Miriam Hiebert at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Maryland in College Park.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[NPR science correspondent Geoff Brumfiel shares the story of Nazi Germany's attempt to build a nuclear reactor — and how evidence of that effort was almost lost to history. It's a tale he heard from Timothy Koeth and Miriam Hiebert at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Maryland in College Park.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>No Friend But The Mountains</title>
			<itunes:title>No Friend But The Mountains</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Nov 2019 05:01:17 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>43:59</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb16</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb16</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week we explore who the Kurds are, who they are to the United States and what, if anything, we owe to them.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/f6f81974762c27bcf5aea4544c8f4380.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Over the decades the Kurds have been inspired by, allied with, relied upon and betrayed by the United States. This week we explore who the Kurds are, who they are to the United States and what, if anything, we owe to them.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Over the decades the Kurds have been inspired by, allied with, relied upon and betrayed by the United States. This week we explore who the Kurds are, who they are to the United States and what, if anything, we owe to them.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>ZOMBIES</title>
			<itunes:title>ZOMBIES</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Oct 2019 05:24:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>43:52</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb17</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb17</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[This week, how one of our favorite monsters is a window into Haiti's history and the horrors of slavery.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/3aea6e635ea0cfe7201e032141f821e3.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Zombies have become a global phenomenon — there have been at least ten zombie movies so far this year. Which made us wonder, where did this fascination for the undead come from? This week, how one of our favorite monsters is a window into Haiti's history and the horrors of slavery.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Zombies have become a global phenomenon — there have been at least ten zombie movies so far this year. Which made us wonder, where did this fascination for the undead come from? This week, how one of our favorite monsters is a window into Haiti's history and the horrors of slavery.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Dark Side Of The Moon</title>
			<itunes:title>The Dark Side Of The Moon</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 24 Oct 2019 04:01:29 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>40:42</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb18</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb18</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxqFGReiZv27t2FKwwgs68kRUgtyyOr4BTJDew3e7KeCIv8RIoRAnOaZ+jA67O3HdTl6Pk+stjRJxNjM/75cQ0mA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week, the story of how the U.S. space program was made possible by former Nazis.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e470efce21bfe999edf3ff98dc067e6d.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[50 years ago the world watched as man first landed on the moon, an incredible accomplishment by the engineers and scientists of NASA. But what if some of those same engineers and scientists had a secret history that the U.S. government tried to hide? This week, the story of how the U.S. space program was made possible by former Nazis.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[50 years ago the world watched as man first landed on the moon, an incredible accomplishment by the engineers and scientists of NASA. But what if some of those same engineers and scientists had a secret history that the U.S. government tried to hide? This week, the story of how the U.S. space program was made possible by former Nazis.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>A Borrowed Time</title>
			<itunes:title>A Borrowed Time</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 17 Oct 2019 04:04:30 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>44:06</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb19</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxR7dCciohzQR7Zmi3julM4WVPjQBcGlIxPRkV/7zcdjc0sRcp1APtRPx0cJjNPNxGKvoNhesJo7WSztPj9JZbHQ==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how Hong Kong became one of the most important, and most contested, cities in the world.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/24e711cfb3260cc648997f87bead2032.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Over the past six months, demonstrations in Hong Kong have increasingly become more violent and more determined. What started out as a protest against a proposed extradition law has now become a call for China to recognize Hong Kong's semi-autonomy. But what is at the root of this tumultuous relationship between Hong Kong and China? This week, how Hong Kong became one of the most important, and most contested, cities in the world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Over the past six months, demonstrations in Hong Kong have increasingly become more violent and more determined. What started out as a protest against a proposed extradition law has now become a call for China to recognize Hong Kong's semi-autonomy. But what is at the root of this tumultuous relationship between Hong Kong and China? This week, how Hong Kong became one of the most important, and most contested, cities in the world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Commentator</title>
			<itunes:title>The Commentator</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 10 Oct 2019 04:01:53 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>30:41</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1a</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1a</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxYa5wv05KDbEHaQPG2rr4Vjdx+tXzKKJhO3k5UkM+8nFUh95sog9VKhCJ3f+82kQvWbF18fJmZxSXunOqsRWl6g==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week, how one Medieval Islamic philosopher put his pen to paper and shaped the modern world.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/a91378cb951ee9560c5361a6162c6c1f.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Today the foundations of philosophy are seen as a straight line from Western antiquity, built on thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. But, between the 8th century and 14th century, the West was greatly overshadowed by the Islamic world and philosophy was in very different hands. This week, how one Medieval Islamic philosopher put his pen to paper and shaped the modern world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Today the foundations of philosophy are seen as a straight line from Western antiquity, built on thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle. But, between the 8th century and 14th century, the West was greatly overshadowed by the Islamic world and philosophy was in very different hands. This week, how one Medieval Islamic philosopher put his pen to paper and shaped the modern world.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>High Crimes and Misdemeanors</title>
			<itunes:title>High Crimes and Misdemeanors</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 03 Oct 2019 04:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>19:32</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1b</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1b</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxBFpr5+RIG+PtCra7I1euCAVf1pL6YSWorO5ci/P9mVO9itkHHCFBuD3XMA86O9Tz87OCD4+IwJNCYLpvmdmo4A==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>This week we return to 1868 and the first presidential impeachment in U.S. history — President Andrew Johnson.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/58155aafa1d81deb219b217c1e319f06.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Andrew Johnson became president in 1865, the United States was in the middle of one of its most volatile chapters. The country was divided after fighting a bloody civil war and had just experienced the first presidential assassination. We look at how these factors led to the first presidential impeachment in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Andrew Johnson became president in 1865, the United States was in the middle of one of its most volatile chapters. The country was divided after fighting a bloody civil war and had just experienced the first presidential assassination. We look at how these factors led to the first presidential impeachment in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>American Exile</title>
			<itunes:title>American Exile</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 26 Sep 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>55:40</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1c</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1c</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nxe3rickedDSek3x4MVQ8GVslHg68QCW7aol03pXyYeA1U4yrp4HI2Cc6aM+ft+clyxCh2hiCP18l5q4vB/WnEoQ==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>In this episode, two stories that challenge the idea of who and why Americans sought refuge in other countries.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/8f5c537efd46c125c92c2babda161945.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[For centuries, the United States has been a prime destination for migrants hoping for better economic opportunities, fleeing danger in their home countries or just seeking a new life. But has there ever been a moment when Americans were the ones who felt compelled to flee elsewhere? In this episode, two stories that challenge the idea of who and why Americans sought refuge in other countries.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[For centuries, the United States has been a prime destination for migrants hoping for better economic opportunities, fleeing danger in their home countries or just seeking a new life. But has there ever been a moment when Americans were the ones who felt compelled to flee elsewhere? In this episode, two stories that challenge the idea of who and why Americans sought refuge in other countries.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Puerto Rico</title>
			<itunes:title>Puerto Rico</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 19 Sep 2019 06:20:22 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>1:06:33</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1d</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1d</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxmJ43EPfXlDJzAA5hXjW5AstpRP5AQlR5BBFEuvjAJ4yBdm5tlYxiGecD/BBKF/C18R92+HZZlfGdYuDG239OaA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this episode, we look at Puerto Rico's relationship with the mainland U.S. and the key figures who shaped the island's fate.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/f76257271129c703d6c0442c8ac00dae.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory in 1898 and for much of the next fifty years Puerto Ricans fought fiercely about this status. Should they struggle for independence, or to be a U.S. state, or something in between? In this episode, we look at Puerto Rico's relationship with the mainland U.S. and the key figures who shaped the island's fate.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory in 1898 and for much of the next fifty years Puerto Ricans fought fiercely about this status. Should they struggle for independence, or to be a U.S. state, or something in between? In this episode, we look at Puerto Rico's relationship with the mainland U.S. and the key figures who shaped the island's fate.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Three Chords And The Truth</title>
			<itunes:title>Three Chords And The Truth</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 12 Sep 2019 04:01:12 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:11</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1e</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>We sat down with renowned filmmaker Ken Burns to talk about his new documentary series Country music and his process as a storyteller.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>26</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/5e63d7018467569100a69f34073e5782.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Lil Nas X released his viral hit "Old Town Road" last year, he sparked a conversation about what country music is and who is welcome in the genre. To better understand the deep and often misunderstood history of country music, we sat down with renowned filmmaker Ken Burns to talk about his new documentary series Country Music and his process as a storyteller.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Lil Nas X released his viral hit "Old Town Road" last year, he sparked a conversation about what country music is and who is welcome in the genre. To better understand the deep and often misunderstood history of country music, we sat down with renowned filmmaker Ken Burns to talk about his new documentary series Country Music and his process as a storyteller.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Litter Myth</title>
			<itunes:title>The Litter Myth</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 05 Sep 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>35:48</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb1f</acast:episodeId>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[How one organization changed the American public's relationship with waste and who is ultimately responsible for it.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>25</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/0c6977ebefc78d0224d5c4b4eaa242ac.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[There is more waste in the world today than at any time in history, and the responsibility for keeping the environment clean too often falls on individuals instead of manufacturers. But, why us? And why this feeling of responsibility? This week, how one organization changed the American public's relationship with waste and who is ultimately responsible for it.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[There is more waste in the world today than at any time in history, and the responsibility for keeping the environment clean too often falls on individuals instead of manufacturers. But, why us? And why this feeling of responsibility? This week, how one organization changed the American public's relationship with waste and who is ultimately responsible for it.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>On The Shoulders Of Giants</title>
			<itunes:title>On The Shoulders Of Giants</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>40:12</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb20</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>We explore three stories of protest in sports that are often overlooked but essential to understanding the current debate: Jack Johnson, Wilma Rudolph, and Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/09c89e297d799e2ed7e567fbd75373be.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Colin Kaepernick stopped standing for the national anthem at NFL games it sparked a nationwide conversation about patriotism and police brutality. And in the last few weeks that conversation was rekindled when the NFL announced a deal with Jay-Z that some thought moved attention away from Kaepernick's continued absence from the league. The discussion about the utility of athletes taking a stand is nothing new — black athletes using their platform to protest injustice has long been a tradition in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Colin Kaepernick stopped standing for the national anthem at NFL games it sparked a nationwide conversation about patriotism and police brutality. And in the last few weeks that conversation was rekindled when the NFL announced a deal with Jay-Z that some thought moved attention away from Kaepernick's continued absence from the league. The discussion about the utility of athletes taking a stand is nothing new — black athletes using their platform to protest injustice has long been a tradition in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Strange Fruit</title>
			<itunes:title>Strange Fruit</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>31:04</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb21</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[How singing "Strange Fruit" turned Billie Holiday into one of the first victims of the War on Drugs.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>24</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/5016a89d9da6a71388c40956bce34dc9.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Billie Holiday helped shape American popular music with her voice and unique style. But, her legacy extends way beyond music with one song in particular — "Strange Fruit." The song paints an unflinching picture of racial violence, and it was an unexpected hit. But singing it brought serious consequences.<br/><br/>In a special collaboration with NPR Music's <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/31/743415843/turning-the-tables-8-women-who-invented-american-popular-music">Turning the Tables Series</a>, how "Strange Fruit" turned Billie Holiday into one of the first victims of the War on Drugs.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Billie Holiday helped shape American popular music with her voice and unique style. But, her legacy extends way beyond music with one song in particular — "Strange Fruit." The song paints an unflinching picture of racial violence, and it was an unexpected hit. But singing it brought serious consequences.<br/><br/>In a special collaboration with NPR Music's <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/07/31/743415843/turning-the-tables-8-women-who-invented-american-popular-music">Turning the Tables Series</a>, how "Strange Fruit" turned Billie Holiday into one of the first victims of the War on Drugs.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Mass Incarceration</title>
			<itunes:title>Mass Incarceration</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 15 Aug 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>48:43</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb22</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb22</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxZKjkoKB7ekjL5FSo+VJ8pFWNaQWndWNtlnozxMGCVI+z7QEpkwvI5+YXJbD4fJI190dAucd5nbnjjDw+jbMuyw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[From the creation of the first penitentiaries in the 1800s, to the "tough-on-crime" prosecutors of the 1990s, how America created a culture of mass incarceration.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>23</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/f5ec78709f97e05ea18f34708c283624.jpeg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The United States imprisons more people than any other country in the world, and a disproportionate number of those prisoners are Black. What are the origins of the U.S. criminal justice system and how did racism shape it? From the creation of the first penitentiaries in the 1800s, to the "tough-on-crime" prosecutors of the 1990s, how America created a culture of mass incarceration.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The United States imprisons more people than any other country in the world, and a disproportionate number of those prisoners are Black. What are the origins of the U.S. criminal justice system and how did racism shape it? From the creation of the first penitentiaries in the 1800s, to the "tough-on-crime" prosecutors of the 1990s, how America created a culture of mass incarceration.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Scorched Earth</title>
			<itunes:title>Scorched Earth</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 08 Aug 2019 04:01:27 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>31:42</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb23</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxOh13SYSO1QVktvwjcyXY2U5IyrBRCqkdfmlBcGTdKj5L5e+bc33gXq3fG0jpEQ/BdZb9fyXiekMFwLHK5Pl51w==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Colonial powers used concentration camps at the turn of the 19th century to crush rebellions. How a war between Britain and Boers gave rise to some of the first camps.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>22</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/c0a7ea54330f4e81479eaf296f863c3e.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The term "concentration camp" is most associated with Nazi Germany and the systematic killing of Jews during World War II. But colonial powers used concentration camps at the turn of the 19th century to crush rebellions. In this episode, how a war between Britain and South African Boers gave rise to some of the first camps.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The term "concentration camp" is most associated with Nazi Germany and the systematic killing of Jews during World War II. But colonial powers used concentration camps at the turn of the 19th century to crush rebellions. In this episode, how a war between Britain and South African Boers gave rise to some of the first camps.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Huey Long Vs. The Media</title>
			<itunes:title>Huey Long Vs. The Media</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 01 Aug 2019 04:01:29 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>32:00</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb24</acast:episodeId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>Who was Huey Long? He was a politician that combined progressive economic ideas with an autocratic streak, leading FDR to call him one of the most dangerous men in America.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/dfa80e7d244793c87bfe999e5ecbbb81.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Huey Pierce Long: you either loved him, or hated him. He combined progressive economic ideas with an autocratic streak, earning him thousands of adoring fans and fearful enemies. Long went from traveling salesman to Louisiana governor, and then US senator, through his mastery of the media. Then once in power, he waged a war against it.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Huey Pierce Long: you either loved him, or hated him. He combined progressive economic ideas with an autocratic streak, earning him thousands of adoring fans and fearful enemies. Long went from traveling salesman to Louisiana governor, and then US senator, through his mastery of the media. Then once in power, he waged a war against it.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Milliken v. Bradley</title>
			<itunes:title>Milliken v. Bradley</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 25 Jul 2019 04:02:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>36:37</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb25</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxFENcSpwk0+L11TGFNesmKm+HFoUxbNJEIfhEKeNVU116ipdF133x9j00tnuyJRGEaDyXTrV0hM5VMdrYkHEeNg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>How a plan to end segregation by busing in Detroit went to the Supreme Court and had lasting implications for the rest of the country.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>21</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/5b0ee6bdf8cf6f01fab3eb722d79a729.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[After the landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, public schools across the country were supposed to become more integrated, but by the 1970s, many weren't. As a way to remedy segregation in their city, the Detroit school board introduced busing across Detroit. But the plan was met with so much resistance that the issue eventually led all the way to the Supreme Court.<br/><br/>This week, segregation in Detroit public schools and the impact of a Supreme Court case that went far beyond that city.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[After the landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, public schools across the country were supposed to become more integrated, but by the 1970s, many weren't. As a way to remedy segregation in their city, the Detroit school board introduced busing across Detroit. But the plan was met with so much resistance that the issue eventually led all the way to the Supreme Court.<br/><br/>This week, segregation in Detroit public schools and the impact of a Supreme Court case that went far beyond that city.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Rules Of Engagement</title>
			<itunes:title>Rules Of Engagement</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 18 Jul 2019 04:01:06 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>50:04</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/ceb132ac-97d8-4821-82bc-7e03140654cf/media.mp3" length="47967469" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb26</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb26</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxSps5RlVdeD3GllQ5AIJUT4EIt4q7EHUO952KxK6FYuHFZxokR5AioVcEXP10RWYqoA5e+HReyxB5FLYdapyLIg==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>For the last 40 years, the U.S. and Iran have been in almost continual conflict. We look at three different moments in this conflict to better understand where it might go next.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>20</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/4fca14378b7455e0d8c3c39d7cb9269a.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[After Iran shot down an American surveillance drone in June, tensions between the two countries have only gone up. But the US and Iran have been in some state of conflict for the last 40 years, since the Iranian revolution. This week, we look at three key moments in this conflict to better understand where it might go next.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[After Iran shot down an American surveillance drone in June, tensions between the two countries have only gone up. But the US and Iran have been in some state of conflict for the last 40 years, since the Iranian revolution. This week, we look at three key moments in this conflict to better understand where it might go next.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Four Days In August</title>
			<itunes:title>Four Days In August</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jul 2019 04:04:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>38:40</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/0bd6e391-362c-4abb-b97c-160b71e68502/media.mp3" length="37037899" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb27</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb27</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxGPoi4LpdROMs5J6XH8V4KXBwoiIK7Ik3/4/MRk0vlety5Hfn8uaqGmGGNFJO/pfNNraKrZPOm1Aw6S+Vxlmpng==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[This week, we revisit our very first episode about an event from August 1953  — when the CIA helped to overthrow Iran's Prime Minister.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/2de2737f1381574496e3071a2f7e1b41.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The U.S. and Iran have had a tense relationship for decades — but when did that begin? Over the next two weeks, we're exploring the history. This week, we feature our very first episode about an event from August 1953  — when the CIA helped to overthrow Iran's Prime Minister.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The U.S. and Iran have had a tense relationship for decades — but when did that begin? Over the next two weeks, we're exploring the history. This week, we feature our very first episode about an event from August 1953  — when the CIA helped to overthrow Iran's Prime Minister.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>American Anthem</title>
			<itunes:title>American Anthem</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jul 2019 04:01:49 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>28:02</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb28</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb28</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxXbaSx4IvgXdI4awMVxPJGDMkEwAqnffhtdA4QWfxRMDS7xLNA83+jMN9Ye+9A9otOG/hmDqD+nqi5lVpRcKN3A==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[This week, we share three stories from NPR Music's American Anthem series that highlight the origins of songs that have become ingrained in American culture.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/ab8002e2df03188c71482627ea6a9449.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The Star-Spangled Banner is the official anthem for the United States, but there are plenty of songs that have become informal American anthems for millions of people. This week, we share three stories from NPR Music's American Anthem series that highlight the origins of songs that have become ingrained in American culture.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Star-Spangled Banner is the official anthem for the United States, but there are plenty of songs that have become informal American anthems for millions of people. This week, we share three stories from NPR Music's American Anthem series that highlight the origins of songs that have become ingrained in American culture.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Before Stonewall</title>
			<itunes:title>Before Stonewall</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jun 2019 04:01:36 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>40:25</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/9d03ac19-c433-4eca-9c6f-f43113fb3643/media.mp3" length="38721328" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb29</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb29</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxrQThtA5PYjZcvhufvtfdTZ8v/ouW9ZOVjB8BMfLiL9TFttRCZ+whlsAhEwWDn15g7s7YSOaaryuyqA5LMaisCA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>The protests at The Stonewall Inn 50 years ago fueled the gay rights movement. But gay activists were fighting harassment and discrimination years before.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>18</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/3ec1efe48cb5b5edead4f50606d25752.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Fifty years ago, a gay bar in New York City called The Stonewall Inn was raided by police, and what followed were days of rebellion where protesters and police clashed. Today, that event is seen as the start of the gay civil rights movement, but gay activists and organizations were standing up to harassment and discrimination years before. On this episode, the fight for gay rights before Stonewall.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Fifty years ago, a gay bar in New York City called The Stonewall Inn was raided by police, and what followed were days of rebellion where protesters and police clashed. Today, that event is seen as the start of the gay civil rights movement, but gay activists and organizations were standing up to harassment and discrimination years before. On this episode, the fight for gay rights before Stonewall.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The X On The Map</title>
			<itunes:title>The X On The Map</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 20 Jun 2019 04:01:17 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>41:11</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/e4c5d86c-d656-4886-91c4-be9618694cdd/media.mp3" length="39455665" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2a</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2a</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx8sFEKMI9Ev6jSt9eFh3iyx2upeXvZEGh45H6At/DNJUkkbxIu11KCZDETA5GuzOO3YHzZ48zJ1YJC/wCAp7qmw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[How the murder of an unarmed black civil rights activist in 1965 lead to the march to Montgomery that ended in "Bloody Sunday."]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/8f2d3bd40ba6dbb7a896251328a80081.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[In 1965, Jimmie Lee Jackson was an unarmed black civil rights activist who was murdered in Marion, Ala., after a peaceful protest. His murder brought newfound energy to the civil rights movement, leading to the march to Montgomery that ended in "Bloody Sunday." This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies">White Lies</a> as they look for answers to a murder that happened more than half a century ago.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 1965, Jimmie Lee Jackson was an unarmed black civil rights activist who was murdered in Marion, Ala., after a peaceful protest. His murder brought newfound energy to the civil rights movement, leading to the march to Montgomery that ended in "Bloody Sunday." This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510343/white-lies">White Lies</a> as they look for answers to a murder that happened more than half a century ago.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Apocalypse Now</title>
			<itunes:title>Apocalypse Now</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 13 Jun 2019 04:01:24 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>56:12</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/7aa8b88d-af63-47ec-9785-6cf3ea2ced76/media.mp3" length="53830072" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2b</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2b</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxW3V1rWgcu2xVe8zuAh2TKtaLE5ADyjeDN3dkMvsTHMcXEf5F0llb0lMGpKj8b2LpYp/PCLnVUxGAYbLBZBRWkQ==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Evangelicals have played an important role in modern day American politics, but what exactly does it means to be an evangelical today and how it has changed over time?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>17</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/2cfdae846bdf3e7ab5ebc8c2f1cb2340.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Evangelicals have played an important role in modern day American politics - from supporting President Trump to helping elect Jimmy Carter back in 1976. How and when did this religious group become so intertwined with today's political issues? In this episode, what it means to be an evangelical today and how it has changed over time.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Evangelicals have played an important role in modern day American politics - from supporting President Trump to helping elect Jimmy Carter back in 1976. How and when did this religious group become so intertwined with today's political issues? In this episode, what it means to be an evangelical today and how it has changed over time.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Mitch McConnell</title>
			<itunes:title>Mitch McConnell</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 06 Jun 2019 04:01:54 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>33:29</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/158f305a-1eb2-412d-b999-62d0a263ef6c/media.mp3" length="32072178" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2c</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2c</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxBKs4EnaufdY4xji38YL0x7I7422ripVJXVkFTrDWG66+Vwo+5oAWuBEUDd8Wn8MXuN4NZXVDJGv9K2R/f7Lp1A==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Mitch McConnell is one of the least popular politicians in the country, so how did he win eight consecutive elections? This week, we share an Embedded ep. that traces his history.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/4b1766a8014805dca28a9cbccaee74f3.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Mitch McConnell has been described as "opaque," "drab," and even "dull." He is one of the least popular - and most polarizing - politicians in the country. So how did he win eight consecutive elections? And what does it tell us about how he operates? This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510311/embedded">Embedded</a> that traces McConnell's political history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Mitch McConnell has been described as "opaque," "drab," and even "dull." He is one of the least popular - and most polarizing - politicians in the country. So how did he win eight consecutive elections? And what does it tell us about how he operates? This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510311/embedded">Embedded</a> that traces McConnell's political history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Savarkar's India]]></title>
			<itunes:title><![CDATA[Savarkar's India]]></itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 30 May 2019 04:01:07 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:27</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2d</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2d</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxzXfNy1cayvXPXZdR+wp6dPIGeQq6Ym4RIqUN5v6iYHOXfGPN7qLMoQegtb3/1k15brPIsTQ3OiabLar/0liE2A==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Right-wing Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi has won reelection as Prime Minister of India. We look back at Vinayak Savarkar, one of the architects of Hindu nationalism.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>16</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/6977f36589b5b390792f14b847f6a70d.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Right-wing Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi has won reelection as India's Prime Minister. As the political philosophy of Hindu nationalism gains ground in India we look back at one of its architects - Vinayak Savarkar.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Right-wing Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi has won reelection as India's Prime Minister. As the political philosophy of Hindu nationalism gains ground in India we look back at one of its architects - Vinayak Savarkar.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>A Dream Of Modern China</title>
			<itunes:title>A Dream Of Modern China</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 23 May 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>47:29</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/d4026ecd-563c-4be7-8a82-1c1f1307dc1f/media.mp3" length="45485902" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2e</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2e</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx+JZOIlI+5D1418zEYCoHcNGUZE8vAyBvLHUf2MXF7uUrt1y4P70A6R5DkSftXp905zFeNyY7UzoKcyUHfhxk8g==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>China is a world superpower today. But just over a century ago, the country was in complete turmoil. How one man led a movement to reshape China as we know — Sun Yat-sen.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>15</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/f90e4e07cee508ec7a62f1550d66f5da.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[China is a world superpower today. But just over a century ago, the country was in complete turmoil — foreign powers had carved up the country, the ruling dynasty was losing control, and millions of citizens were struggling to survive. However, that political chaos inspired a nationalist movement that reshaped China as we know it, and it was led by one man - Sun Yat-sen.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[China is a world superpower today. But just over a century ago, the country was in complete turmoil — foreign powers had carved up the country, the ruling dynasty was losing control, and millions of citizens were struggling to survive. However, that political chaos inspired a nationalist movement that reshaped China as we know it, and it was led by one man - Sun Yat-sen.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>El Libertador</title>
			<itunes:title>El Libertador</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2019 04:01:36 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>56:31</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2f</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb2f</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx6szD4qN5b5LftEf+vZrTtw5Q9sZxAaGeSN2QAC/X9URs360Ow4XXtEpuJhcAHKivxOiUBpi/UX5o+go1zCV8RA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>We look back at the rise and fall of Venezuela through the lives of two revolutionaries turned authoritarian leaders: Simón Bolívar and Hugo Chávez.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>14</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/37a0f35aa125e09f4d8e6b7c5553ccf0.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Venezuela is facing an economic and humanitarian crisis as extreme poverty and violence have forced many to flee the country in recent years. How did a country once wealthy with oil resources fall into such turmoil? Through the lives of two revolutionaries turned authoritarian leaders separated by two centuries, we look back at the rise and fall of Venezuela.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Venezuela is facing an economic and humanitarian crisis as extreme poverty and violence have forced many to flee the country in recent years. How did a country once wealthy with oil resources fall into such turmoil? Through the lives of two revolutionaries turned authoritarian leaders separated by two centuries, we look back at the rise and fall of Venezuela.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>White Nationalism</title>
			<itunes:title>White Nationalism</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 09 May 2019 04:01:43 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:53</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb30</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb30</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22Nx2foenH+4yZFItXpp1/8q1mCXOoJ22/4TiVY/he+02NnR3C203cXnXUJv9CcP+cRy8b7tA3V6WO7y12N+Nn4IAw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[How has white nationalism shaped U.S. immigration policy in the 20th century? This week, we share an episode we loved from It's Been A Minute with Sam Sanders.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/a74379032b528d3c1cc891eb1c5171f3.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The white nationalist ideas of Madison Grant influenced Congress in the 1920s, leaders in Nazi Germany, and members of the Trump administration. This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510317/its-been-a-minute-with-sam-sanders">It's Been A Minute with Sam Sanders</a> that explores a throughline of white nationalism in American politics from the early 20th century to today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The white nationalist ideas of Madison Grant influenced Congress in the 1920s, leaders in Nazi Germany, and members of the Trump administration. This week, we share an episode we loved from <a href="https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510317/its-been-a-minute-with-sam-sanders">It's Been A Minute with Sam Sanders</a> that explores a throughline of white nationalism in American politics from the early 20th century to today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Outbreak</title>
			<itunes:title>Outbreak</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 02 May 2019 04:01:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>22:22</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb31</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb31</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxVu2+vnDSTgalSWyuL96HJ30qjajXcqTW77gKHkMLOKgTvhRzjF5Y68oYOEELlLPVVw+N4J87T5aHGvWy74W44w==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>A deadly smallpox epidemic in the early 1900s and a Boston-area minister who refused mandatory vaccination — how his case ended up in front of the Supreme Court.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>13</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/3c810f57405876aa07ec2f0e11c92d20.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[More than 700 measles cases have been recorded in the U.S. in the recent outbreak, the worst being in New York. This past April, Mayor Bill de Blasio issued a public health emergency that required residents in parts of Brooklyn to get vaccinated or face a fine of $1,000. In this episode, we look back at a 1905 Supreme Court case that set a precedent for enforcing compulsory vaccinations.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[More than 700 measles cases have been recorded in the U.S. in the recent outbreak, the worst being in New York. This past April, Mayor Bill de Blasio issued a public health emergency that required residents in parts of Brooklyn to get vaccinated or face a fine of $1,000. In this episode, we look back at a 1905 Supreme Court case that set a precedent for enforcing compulsory vaccinations.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Resistance Is Futile</title>
			<itunes:title>Resistance Is Futile</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 25 Apr 2019 04:01:35 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>37:06</itunes:duration>
			<enclosure url="https://sphinx.acast.com/p/open/s/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/e/bd35dedc-df59-42b9-8488-87113bb4d53d/media.mp3" length="35549209" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb32</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb32</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxrBsjrsclaFZaQWmOyD/608/vM6GVJaPMXjT0LT9/zMgwUR8lRxpTb8h4B2euNcSoB4BYl5XlbScvd/5UN0r+Dw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>From the tractor to talking robots, society has feared innovations. But usefulness usually overcomes resistance. Is today any different from the past?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>12</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/d7d473c306d91ace5d3fe9a4b8584b13.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence, gene modification, and self-driving cars are causing fear and uncertainty about how technology is changing our lives. But humans have struggled to accept innovations throughout history. In this episode, we explore three innovations that transformed the world and show how people have adapted — and ask whether we can do the same today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence, gene modification, and self-driving cars are causing fear and uncertainty about how technology is changing our lives. But humans have struggled to accept innovations throughout history. In this episode, we explore three innovations that transformed the world and show how people have adapted — and ask whether we can do the same today.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>War Of The Worlds</title>
			<itunes:title>War Of The Worlds</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2019 04:01:44 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>35:47</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb33</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb33</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxElFjFSYlHsJaQXg5YdQsfu2QRBbM+Pz4UAvZciTgPGWjLDrCDOqK5nA+1066yyjKVXVxcQrTMTyFSDKYAZ7IDw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Two sects of Islam, 1400 years of history, and three stories to help us better understand the Sunni-Shia divide.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>11</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/97c38bef814abeff8b3925b55247a20a.png"/>
			<description><![CDATA[The Sunni-Shia divide is a conflict that most people have heard about - two sects with Sunni Islam being in the majority and Shia Islam the minority. Exactly how did this conflict originate and when? We go through 1400 years of history to find the moment this divide first turned deadly and how it has evolved since.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Sunni-Shia divide is a conflict that most people have heard about - two sects with Sunni Islam being in the majority and Shia Islam the minority. Exactly how did this conflict originate and when? We go through 1400 years of history to find the moment this divide first turned deadly and how it has evolved since.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Nancy Pelosi</title>
			<itunes:title>Nancy Pelosi</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2019 06:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>24:16</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb34</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb34</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxqoXppkLrOk3BfYn7w9nHpozBGV0G7wcp412L6uFJ9jBmWNXbUQNZV0jMNrkiHq7eF3HVKK+qY1h9s5CcYbEVTw==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle>Nancy Pelosi is widely seen as the most powerful woman in U.S. politics. Follow her rise from a Baltimore political family to becoming Speaker of the House twice.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>10</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/aba7b9c78ba6621eddfe723a371ceaa2.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Nancy Pelosi is the highest-ranking woman in American politics. She made her first run for public office at 47 years old and went on to become Speaker of the House twice. How has she had such an enduring career, and where does her power lie? On this episode, we trace the rise of the Speaker.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Nancy Pelosi is the highest-ranking woman in American politics. She made her first run for public office at 47 years old and went on to become Speaker of the House twice. How has she had such an enduring career, and where does her power lie? On this episode, we trace the rise of the Speaker.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Opioids In America</title>
			<itunes:title>Opioids In America</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2019 04:01:01 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>44:47</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb35</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>Three stories of opioids that have plagued Americans for more than 150 years.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>9</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/fb1b451d9b54f62160f5e8136cca407a.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[A record number of Americans have died from opioid overdoses in recent years. But how did we get here? And is this the first time Americans have faced this crisis? The short answer: no.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[A record number of Americans have died from opioid overdoses in recent years. But how did we get here? And is this the first time Americans have faced this crisis? The short answer: no.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Phoebus Cartel</title>
			<itunes:title>The Phoebus Cartel</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 Mar 2019 04:02:26 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>32:46</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb36</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week, in a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>8</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/7b570666b8afcd0bd11e09f317472f88.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Have you ever wondered why your smartphone or toaster oven doesn't seem to last very long, even though technology is becoming better and better? This week, in a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Have you ever wondered why your smartphone or toaster oven doesn't seem to last very long, even though technology is becoming better and better? This week, in a special collaboration with Planet Money, we bring you the history of planned obsolescence – the idea that products are designed to break.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Border</title>
			<itunes:title>The Border</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2019 04:01:26 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>15:02</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb37</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb37</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxD40pARkgNx6dsFyPZOWd5GDSxDxaeVbHog+Cd47IMVNEgwVNIFW29p3vyWtSTDgjFYRquPe9yeEbDxBG6B8EzA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this week's episode, the history of militarization at the U.S.-Mexico border.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>7</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/a7a89e3cf741c86d2f616d0f97d483c5.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[In February, President Trump declared a national emergency at the US-Mexico border. Last year, he ordered thousands of National Guard troops to the border. Is this the first time an American president has responded with this level of force? In this week's episode, the history of militarization at the U.S.-Mexico border.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[In February, President Trump declared a national emergency at the US-Mexico border. Last year, he ordered thousands of National Guard troops to the border. Is this the first time an American president has responded with this level of force? In this week's episode, the history of militarization at the U.S.-Mexico border.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Moth</title>
			<itunes:title>The Moth</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2019 04:42:55 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:43</itunes:duration>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxXnvLJuZATP9UmPI/Wku/L5FnPaZHqnHkotzJtwUk5vwbL2Z0CLy0365sffe+8HYZs/qrdPTynVaC0ayMtcGh4w==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/a9713cb68437191e51d2be2d27b720c7.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Vladimir Putin has been running Russia since 2000 when he was first elected as President. How did a former KGB officer make his way up to the top seat — was it political prowess or was he just the recipient of a lot of good fortune? In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Vladimir Putin has been running Russia since 2000 when he was first elected as President. How did a former KGB officer make his way up to the top seat — was it political prowess or was he just the recipient of a lot of good fortune? In this episode, we dive into the life of Vladimir Putin and try to understand how he became Russia's new "tsar."<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>American Shadows</title>
			<itunes:title>American Shadows</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2019 05:02:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>41:35</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb39</link>
			<acast:episodeId>5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb39</acast:episodeId>
			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
			<acast:settings><![CDATA[FYjHyZbXWHZ7gmX8Pp1rmbKbhgrQiwYShz70Q9/ffXZ/Ynvgc/bVSlxbfa1LTdZ/NS0G6+1uBWmuf3KXrHlJ0izxnDClosxN1ZvN1RuhNrkcGTQBIh2UKVr3ZYDh22NxgVPobcivyjmKOumyCr9jx3STjrRQIyOfMl00+yaBVF7JyCdT+Uesfm+R++OfYuyy3RpseBT9l+OfmEukWOI1RA==]]></acast:settings>
			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/f81f034201cf5028bbba01e5ba0caaec.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[Conspiracy theories are a feature of today's news and politics. But they've really been a part of American life since its founding. In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[Conspiracy theories are a feature of today's news and politics. But they've really been a part of American life since its founding. In this episode, we'll explore how conspiracy theories helped to create the U.S. and how they became the currency of political opportunists.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>High Crimes And Misdemeanors</title>
			<itunes:title>High Crimes And Misdemeanors</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 2019 05:09:04 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>17:02</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle>This week we return to 1868 and the first presidential impeachment in U.S. history — President Andrew Johnson.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/3e27c092840bd1d31732e59ba91477d9.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Andrew Johnson became president in 1865, the United States was in the middle of one of its most volatile chapters. The country was divided after fighting a bloody civil war and had just experienced the first presidential assassination. We look at how these factors led to the first presidential impeachment in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Andrew Johnson became president in 1865, the United States was in the middle of one of its most volatile chapters. The country was divided after fighting a bloody civil war and had just experienced the first presidential assassination. We look at how these factors led to the first presidential impeachment in American history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>The Forgotten War</title>
			<itunes:title>The Forgotten War</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2019 05:11:11 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>34:13</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[What's fueled the hostility between the U.S. and North Korea? We look back at the tangled history.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/0c9c057824ed14f6d144e865eefa9c42.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[President Trump and North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un are preparing to meet for a second nuclear summit. What has fueled the hostility between these two countries for decades? On this episode, we look back at the tangled history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[President Trump and North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un are preparing to meet for a second nuclear summit. What has fueled the hostility between these two countries for decades? On this episode, we look back at the tangled history.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>On the Shoulders of Giants</title>
			<itunes:title>On the Shoulders of Giants</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 14 Feb 2019 05:40:50 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>39:05</itunes:duration>
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			<link>https://shows.acast.com/throughline-1/episodes/5ed9f52f7396375f81ebfb3c</link>
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			<acast:showId>5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7</acast:showId>
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			<itunes:subtitle>We explore three stories of protest in sports that are often overlooked but essential to understanding the current debate: Jack Johnson, Wilma Rudolph, and Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/9e0f5d6162675a39db3815df4b122e80.jpg"/>
			<description><![CDATA[When Colin Kaepernick stopped standing for the national anthem at NFL games it sparked a nationwide conversation about patriotism and police brutality. Black athletes using their platform to protest injustice has long been a tradition in American history. In this episode we explore three stories of protest that are rarely told but essential to understanding the current debate: the heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, the sprinter Wilma Rudolph, and the basketball player Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[When Colin Kaepernick stopped standing for the national anthem at NFL games it sparked a nationwide conversation about patriotism and police brutality. Black athletes using their platform to protest injustice has long been a tradition in American history. In this episode we explore three stories of protest that are rarely told but essential to understanding the current debate: the heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, the sprinter Wilma Rudolph, and the basketball player Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
		</item>
		<item>
			<title>Four Days in August</title>
			<itunes:title>Four Days in August</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2019 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>37:54</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[This week we look back at four days in August 1953, when the CIA orchestrated a coup of Iran's elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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			<description><![CDATA[It's no secret that Iran and the U.S. have a history of animosity toward each other. But when and how did it begin? This week we look back at four days in August 1953, when the CIA orchestrated a coup of Iran's elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[It's no secret that Iran and the U.S. have a history of animosity toward each other. But when and how did it begin? This week we look back at four days in August 1953, when the CIA orchestrated a coup of Iran's elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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		<item>
			<title>Introducing Throughline</title>
			<itunes:title>Introducing Throughline</itunes:title>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Jan 2019 20:12:06 GMT</pubDate>
			<itunes:duration>2:24</itunes:duration>
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			<itunes:subtitle><![CDATA[NPR's new history podcast hosted by Ramtin Arablouei and Rund Abdelfatah. New episodes every Thursday starting February 7th.]]></itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:episodeType>trailer</itunes:episodeType>
			<itunes:image href="https://assets.pippa.io/shows/5ed9f4f88eb9f809f65229e7/5ac24b4c7520e0298a4d44233e932c34.png"/>
			<description><![CDATA[NPR's new history podcast hosted by Ramtin Arablouei and Rund Abdelfatah. New episodes every Thursday starting February 7th.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></description>
			<itunes:summary><![CDATA[NPR's new history podcast hosted by Ramtin Arablouei and Rund Abdelfatah. New episodes every Thursday starting February 7th.<hr><p style='color:grey; font-size:0.75em;'> Hosted on Acast. See <a style='color:grey;' target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer' href='https://acast.com/privacy'>acast.com/privacy</a> for more information.</p>]]></itunes:summary>
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    	<itunes:category text="History"/>
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